Évaluation de la teneur en hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques dans les laitues et tomates cultivées dans le district d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) : cas d’étude

Abstract

Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) content in lettuce and tomatoes cultivated in the Abidjan district (Côte d’Ivoire): A Case Study

Food safety is currently a health and social challenge that must be controlled. This study contributes to the assessment of health risks associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in lettuce and tomatoes grown in the Abidjan district.  In general, the pollutants (fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, induno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, benzo(ghi)pyrene, benzo(a)an-thracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene), determined by HPLC, were found in lettuce and tomatoes sampled. The amount of PAH obtained in lettuces indicate a contamination of 5.758 μg/kg fresh vegetable at Port-Bouët, 7.334 μg/kg at 43^rd BIMA and 4.181 μg/kg at the Airport. In Koumassi, this amount is 3.331 μg/kg compared to 3.706 μg/kg in Marcory and 4.594 μg/kg in Cocody. In tomatoes, although the presence of PAHs is mitigated, the exposure to dietary risk is estimated at 1.730 μg/kg fresh vegetable at 43^rd BIMA, 2.616 μg/kg at Airport, 1.744 μg/kg at Koumassi, 2.640 μg/kg at Marcory and 2.480 μg/kg at Cocody. The present study shows that pyrene (maximum content: 110.340 μg/kg), benzo(a)pyrene (maximum content: 11.300 μg/kg), benzo(a)anthracene (maximum content: 63.660 μg/kg), indéno(1, 2, 3-cd) (maximum content : 14.500 μg/kg) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (maximum content: 7.520 μg/kg) are highly present in lettuce and tomatoes. The different amounts excessively above the WHO limit (5 μg/kg), confirm the exposure of the population to health risks from the consumption of vegetables and fruits grown in the district of Abidjan.

https://doi.org/10.70974/mat09125001

Keywords: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon; Health risk; Lettuce; Tomatoes.