Characterization of secondary metabolite families in the dichloromethane fraction of two medicinal plants by high performance thin layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy
Abstract
Africa is rich in medicinal plants containing secondary metabolites, which are responsible for their biological activities. For this reason, the World Health Organization actively promotes scientific research into these bioactive substances. It is within this framework that a study of two medicinal plants from the Ivorian pharmacopoeia was conducted. These are the leaves of Alchornea cordifolia and the whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus. This study aims to identify the major families of secondary metabolites in these plants using a combined, simple, and reliable analytical approach based on High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, offering a rigorous complement to conventional phytochemical screening. The organs of each plant were harvested, dried in the shade, crushed, sieved, and macerated in different solvents. Liquid–liquid separation was performed on the extracts with solvents of increasing polarities. Each fraction was analysed by infrared spectrometry and then by HPTLC between 250 and 400 nm. The results show the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, esters, and carboxylic acids in the organs of each plant. These complementary results provide valuable chemical fingerprints that allow for the identification of major functional groups and metabolite families, paving the way for future structural elucidation of the active molecules in these extracts.
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