ETUDE DE L’ACTIVITE ANTIMICROBIENNE D’EXTRAITS DE PARKIA BIGLOBOSA (JACQ.) BENTH. SUR DES SOUCHES DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Résumé
Extracts of stem barks of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth (Mimosaceae) have been tested against strains of
Staphylococcus aureus collected from pus, blood, vaginal secretions, sperm and urines and also against a collection
strain of Staphylococcus aureus as a positive control. Tests have been conducted with the decoction, form under which
the drug is prescribed by the traditional healers and extracts obtained with different solvents: dichloromethan, ethanol –
water 70 % (70 – 30 v:v), hydroethanolic extract 70 % after extraction with the dichloromethan, ethyl acetate. The results
showed that the decoction is indeed efficient against Staphylococcus aureus, thus justifying the successful use of it in
the traditional medicine. They also revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract 70 % and the ethyl acetate extract are more
effective against Staphylococcus aureus than the decoction. The dichloromethan extract has no effect against the tested
strains. Submitted to a column chromatography, the ethanolic extract, the most effective of all the tested extracts, gave
four fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4) that have been all tested against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus. F2 fraction exerted the
best inhibition. Submitted to a thin layer chromatography, this fraction gave three sub-fractions that have all been tested
against Staphylococcus aureus. None of them showed anti-staphylococcus activity. Chemical screening conducted with
all these extracts showed that the dichloromethan extract contains mainly sterols, triterpens and coumarins. It also
showed that the ethyl acetate extract, the aqueous and the hydroethanolic extracts contain saponosides,
anthracenosides, tannins, flavonoids, reducing compounds but in different proportions, justifying the differences in their
respective anti – staphylococcus activities.
Staphylococcus aureus collected from pus, blood, vaginal secretions, sperm and urines and also against a collection
strain of Staphylococcus aureus as a positive control. Tests have been conducted with the decoction, form under which
the drug is prescribed by the traditional healers and extracts obtained with different solvents: dichloromethan, ethanol –
water 70 % (70 – 30 v:v), hydroethanolic extract 70 % after extraction with the dichloromethan, ethyl acetate. The results
showed that the decoction is indeed efficient against Staphylococcus aureus, thus justifying the successful use of it in
the traditional medicine. They also revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract 70 % and the ethyl acetate extract are more
effective against Staphylococcus aureus than the decoction. The dichloromethan extract has no effect against the tested
strains. Submitted to a column chromatography, the ethanolic extract, the most effective of all the tested extracts, gave
four fractions (F1, F2, F3, F4) that have been all tested against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus. F2 fraction exerted the
best inhibition. Submitted to a thin layer chromatography, this fraction gave three sub-fractions that have all been tested
against Staphylococcus aureus. None of them showed anti-staphylococcus activity. Chemical screening conducted with
all these extracts showed that the dichloromethan extract contains mainly sterols, triterpens and coumarins. It also
showed that the ethyl acetate extract, the aqueous and the hydroethanolic extracts contain saponosides,
anthracenosides, tannins, flavonoids, reducing compounds but in different proportions, justifying the differences in their
respective anti – staphylococcus activities.
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